![]() I think most people accept the notion that plants will eventually be needed for sustained life-support systems in space travel, so we are hopeful the research will start up again. I was the former lead for crop research for NASA's Advanced Life Support Program, which is no longer being funded. Image to right: Ray Wheeler works with lettuce plants as part of his research in the use of plants to support life in space. ![]() It is the opportunity to work with interesting people, and to use the interesting and exciting capabilities that NASA offers to conduct research. I continued similar research for perhaps the next 10 to 15 years into my professional career. My postdoctoral research at the University of Wisconsin. What was the most important experience that prepared you for your job? ![]() In the meantime, I always enjoyed stargazing and astronomy, so perhaps the two lines of interest merged into "life sciences and ecological systems for space." I think my family's interest in the outdoors and my involvement in Boy Scouts helped develop a strong personal interest in nature and the environment. I then continued postdoctoral work on the use of plants for life support in space, which led to an eventual job at Kennedy Space Center.īriefly, tell about the life experiences that made it possible for you to work at NASA? My graduate work involved studies of plant responses to gravity. What motivated you to pursue your career? I have a bachelor's degree in science/astronomy, a master's degree in plant science ecology and a doctorate in plant physiology. Image to right: Ray Wheeler is a plant physiologist at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. I work at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida as a plant physiologist. Where do you work and what is your title? Wrote the paper: FK WZ JTR RMW CLG LHL.Scientist Ray Wheeler is an expert on the benefits of plants for long-duration spaceflight. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CLG LHL. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.Ĭonceived and designed the experiments: FK WZ JTR RMW CLG LHL. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. The delicatessen containers used in this study were a gift from Publix Super Markets Inc. The authors have the following interests: Wei Zhao is employed by MedImmune LLC. ![]() Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America ![]() NASA Engineering Directorate, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of AmericaĮnterprise Advisory Services Inc., QinetiQ North America for Engineering Services Contract (ESC), Sustainable Systems Applied Research, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America Current address: Kaplan Schiller Research LLC., Gainesville, Florida, United States of AmericaĬenter for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), Gainesville, Florida, United States of America ![]()
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![]() ![]() Professor Richardson said that the existence of such long-lived species could help scientists discover how some animals reach such advanced ages. The research was carried out by researchers from Bangor University. In 2007, on the basis of counting the annual growth bands on the cross-sectional surface of the hinge region of the shell, researchers announced that the clam was 405 years old. The clam was dredged off the northern coast of Iceland in 2006. The actual sex of the clam, however, is unknown, as its reproductive state was recorded as "spent". Later, the Icelandic researchers on the cruise which discovered the clam named it Hafrún, a woman's name which translates roughly as 'the mystery of the ocean' taken from haf, 'ocean', and rún, 'mystery'). The clam was initially named Ming by Sunday Times journalists, in reference to the Ming dynasty in China, during which it was born. Thought to be 405 years old, Ming was later determined to be 507 years old, although the clam had previously been killed to make this determination. Ming was the oldest individual (non- colonial) animal ever discovered whose age could be precisely determined. 1499–2006), also known as Hafrún, was an ocean quahog clam ( Arctica islandica, family Arcticidae) that was dredged off the coast of Iceland in 2006 and whose age was calculated by counting annual growth lines in the shell. Off the coast of the Crown Dependency of Iceland, Kingdom of Norway, Kalmar Union The clam was 507 years old when captured. It was 1 to 2 weeks old, not 2 months, when it died.Left valve of the shell, taken in 2006.
![]() ![]() These women-headed bats utter a tune that is beautifully haunting. However, what makes the Singing Bats and Chanting Winged Dames so creepy are the songs that give them their names. This cursed combination is nothing new to FromSoftware - some crows in "Bloodborne" have dog heads, after all. Both of these creatures are similar in appearance, as they have bat-like bodies with the head of an old crone. These creatures are disturbing in their own right due to their size, but if someone wanders the Lands Between and hears singing in the distance, that means the far creepier (and possibly related) Singing Bat or Chanting Winged Dame is nearby. ![]() Some of the first enemies players will find in the open world of "Elden Ring" are the Giant Bats. Then again, "Elden Ring" doesn't exactly feature invisible enemies outside of Ordina Liturgical Town's evergaol, so unless players know exactly what to expect before they arrive, odds are good that the evergaol will continue to terrify them. How do you avoid what you cannot see or hear? You can swing wildly, hoping to connect, or you can buy a Sentry Torch, which reveals the Black Knife assassin. Ordina Liturgical Town's evergaol provides a whole new sense of paranoia, because gamers who want to earn this armor need to brave an unnatural location that puts them on edge, thanks in no small part to its tangible threat. Or maybe it's the invisible Black Knife assassin, who constantly stalks players to backstab them. ![]() Maybe it's the solid black sky, or maybe it's what sounds like footsteps in the distance. However, upon entering the evergaol, players can't help but feel that they're being watched. Eventually, players find the town's evergaol, which hides a puzzle needed to acquire the Black Knife armor set. Unlike most villages in "Elden Ring," Ordina Liturgical Town is deserted. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can download as many games as you like and play them at your leisure. No, there are no restrictions on the number of games you can download from GameTop. Are there any restrictions on the number of free games download? The website offers various types of casual games that cater to different gamers. On GameTop, you can find different game modes, such as action, strategy, racing, puzzle, and adventure. So whether you're a fan of Epic Games titles or just looking for something new to play, Gametop has your favorite game! What are some of the game modes available? While we don't offer games from the Epic Games store specifically, we do have a wide selection of great games that are similar in style and gameplay. You can also check out our latest game releases to stay up to date on all the newest games. To find the best games on GameTop, simply browse our selection of popular games or use our search function to find specific titles. All our games are completely free to download and play, with no hidden fees or subscription costs. No, there are no restrictions on downloading games from Gametop. Are there any restrictions on downloading games? So whether you prefer to download game or play online, we've got you covered. While Gametop primarily offers free downloadable games, we also have a selection of free online game that you can play directly on our website. Yes, all the games on Gametop are safe to download and play. Are the games on GameTop safe to download? You can always find new games to download and play for free on Gametop. Yes, Gametop regularly updates its selection of casual games with the latest releases. It's that easy! Can I find the latest game on GameTop? Once you've found a game you want to download, click on the download button and follow the prompts to install the file to your device. To download a game from Gametop, simply visit the website and browse the available games. Whether you're a fan of team fortress, match 3, or strategy games, you'll find a free game for gaming on Gametop. Gametop offers a wide variety of games for free download, including hidden object games, action game, adventure games, racing games, puzzle game, and casual game. What kind of games can I find for free on GameTop? ![]() ![]() ![]() Northeast trade winds carry this moisture-laden air to the Hawaiian Islands. The air above the ocean near the Hawaiian Islands contains a large amount of water vapor (in other words, it is very moist or has a high relative humidity) because it is in contact with the warm tropical ocean. Because of the ceiling for cloud formation, the inversion helps control where rain falls across the islands. The inversion can easily seen from any vantage point in the islands, as it creates a ceiling for cloud formation (in other words, it places a limit on the altitude at which clouds form). This discontinuity between lower (surface) and upper (circulating) air is called the trade wind inversion. ![]() The moist surface air cools more quickly than the dry air circulating in the Hadley cell. This discontinuity is caused by differences in the cooling rate of the air circulating in the Hadley cell and the air at the surface. Instead, there is a temperature discontinuity at an altitude of about 2000 meters (6000 feet). Most of the time (80–90% of days), these two cooling trends are not continuous with one another. This surface air also cools with increasing altitude. At the same time as this circulating air is sinking and warming, air near the surface is being heated by its contact with the warm Earth surface. Thus, the air circulating in the Hadley cell over the islands is warmer at lower altitudes and cooler at higher altitudes. In other words, it is located in a region where the air is sinking and warming as it approaches the Earth's surface. Hawai'i, in the northern tropics, is located beneath the descending limb of the Hadley cell. The surface airflow is deflected westward by the Earth’s rotation, creating the trade winds. Thus, zones of high pressure and exceptionally dry climate occur near the latitudes of 30°N and 30°S, Earth’s “desert” latitudes.Īt the surface, the air completes its circuit by flowing back toward the equator. Because warm air can absorb more water vapor than cool air, the warm air is now strongly undersaturated with water vapor (in other words, it is dry or has a low relative humidity). The sinking air is compressed (becomes denser at lower altitudes), and compression causes the air to warm. The cool air sinks at about 30° latitude in both hemispheres. When the air is cool enough, it becomes denser, which causes it to sink. As it flows toward the poles, it continues to cool. When the rising air reaches neutral buoyancy with its surroundings (meaning, the air reaches a state where it neither rises nor sinks), it flows poleward. Therefore, equatorial latitudes worldwide are characterized by meteorological low pressures and high rainfall. The rising air expands (becomes "thinner" or less dense at higher altitudes) and cools, which causes water vapor to condense and fall as rain. As the Earth's surface warms, the air directly above the surface is also warmed, and this warm rises. Hadley cells function as follows: Near the Equator, incoming sunlight warms the Earth’s surface year-round. This circulation pattern the drives Hawai'i's cliamte is called a Hadley cell, named after 17 th century meteorologist George Hadley. At this latitude, the global circulation of the atmosphere plays a significant role in climate. Hawai'i lies between 19° and 22° north latitude, just south of the Tropic of Cancer. Photo by Forest Starr and Kim Starr (flickr, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license, image cropped and resized). Updates: Page last updated June 22, 2022. Credits for individual images are given in figure captions. Changes include formatting and revisions to the text and images. ![]() The book was adapted for the web by Elizabeth J. Swaby (published in 2014 by the Paleontological Research Institution currently out of print). Parrish, Alexandra Moore, and Gary Lewis, chapter 9 in The Teacher-Friendly Guide to the Geology of the Western US, edited by Mark D. Topics covered on this page: The big picture Present climate of Hawai'i Effect of the ocean Effect of latitude Effect of topography Past climate of Hawai'i Future climate of Hawai'i Resources.Ĭredits: Most of the text of this page is derived from "Climate of the Western US" by Ingrid H. ![]() ![]() ![]() Every search parameter should be able to filter recommended age. Not quite sure how the algorithm works for picking the next book, but it often gives my kiddo books that are for vastly older readers. A couple suggestions though… The search feature needs a bit of work. It keeps me engaged as the parent too to help her find the 5 words within the book, because engagement can be hard sometimes at the end of the day. My kiddo waits to get new eggs so she can hatch them. This app is now central to our bedtime routine. "Epic is incredibly valuable because it gives students exposure to books that they wouldn't get from a library or our classroom." –Cindy, Epic Educator Ambassador "Get access to thousands of books on all subject matters" – “Epic strikes the perfect balance between educational and fun, and should allow parents to feel more confident about introducing the iPad into their children’s daily lives as a tool.” –TechCrunch Multilingual books and fun reading formats make reading accessible for every student.ĩ out of 10 Epic Educators would recommend us to colleagues.Ĭoming soon! Epic School Plus, a district-funded premium offering that gives educators and students 24/7 access to the full Epic library.Įpic has been featured on The TODAY Show, CNET and Refinery 29, as well as in The Wall Street Journal, Parents Magazine, USA Today, Forbes, and more. Help with Daily 20: Teachers can easily assign and share books, then track daily and weekly reading. Quizzes, Dictionary Lookup and Spotlight Words help build skills. Parent dashboard lets you see what they’re reading and follow along with their progress.ĩ5% of Epic parents say Epic helped improve their child’s reading skills.Įpic School is free for educators and students to use during the school day.ĮLA Tools: Filter titles by AR, DRA, F&P, grade level and more. Up to 4 child profiles, so each kid can enjoy a personalized reading experience. Spotlight Words and audio-enabled Dictionary Lookup teach vocabulary and pronunciation.Ī paid subscription beginning with a 7-day free trial. Multilingual: The majority of books on Epic are in English, but we also have Spanish-, French- and Chinese-language books to engage readers of different backgrounds and interests.įun rewards and learning tools: Reading Buddies, badges and quizzes keep them motivated to read and learn. Featuring talented voice actors, fun music and exciting sound effects that bring stories to life! You can even download books to read offline!īooks that read to them: In addition to our library of more traditional ebooks, we have a huge collection of Read-To-Me books and audiobooks. This makes planning for specific units of study so easy.Epic is the world’s largest digital library for kids! Our fun, kid-safe, interactive reading app fuels curiosity and reading confidence by letting kids freely explore their interests with instant access to 40,000+ books, audiobooks, learning videos and more.Īnytime, anywhere: Access our library from any Apple device. ![]() To create a collection, you can search by title, keyword, or topic. The “My Library” tab is where you keep your collections of books and videos. You can check to see how many books (or hours/minutes) they’ve read, check their assignments and see the results of any quizzes they may have taken. Here you’ll you’ll be able to assign books to individual students. Once you have created your class roster, click on “My Students”. Families love it and really appreciate the free access! But a really awesome feature is that you can invite families to create a FREE PARENT ACCOUNT! This gives students access to all the books on the site after school hours and on weekends, for up to 2 hours a week. This is a fun way to motivate kids to read and introduce them to topics and genres they might not otherwise be drawn to.ĭuring school hours (7am-4pm) your students will have unlimited access to the Epic library. The calendar offers little daily challenges that will get students creating, learning and reading about all different topics. As you scroll across the page you’ll find a monthly activity calendar you can share with students and families. When you first log-in you’ll find yourself on the educator homepage. Epic offers so many resources- but don’t feel overwhelmed! I’m gonna walk you through the site and share with you some of the features I think are most helpful! ![]() ![]() I know you’re scared and don’t feel ready. Take 2-3 weeks of solid immersion into the material for a refresher and then take a test. The only time I’d recommend studying for a few weeks prior to testing is when a student has been out of school for at least a year or more. You will use this baseline to map out your desired improvements and the exact path required to get you there. ![]() If you take the exam under realistic conditions, you’re giving yourself a baseline of where you stand right now. This first exam serves a another purpose too. Argument #2 for Starting With A Full Length You need to get first-hand experience of the MCAT style, passages, questions, duration, as well as your endurance, your mood, and your ability to still pay attention by the time you reach the psychology/sociology section of the exam. You must know and understand what is coming,and the best way to understand is to sit through a full exam. I need for the student to really and truly understand the undertaking that is the MCAT.Īnd the same goes for you. ![]() When a new MCAT student signs up to work with me I have them take a full-length sample test right away. You will not understand until you're, confined to your computer for 7.5 hours (with appropriate breaks), sitting there at hour three pulling your hair out because you’re having a tough time sitting still long enough to absorb the umpteenth passage and wacky passage based questions for the day. No matter how much I try to explain what you should expect from the 7.5 hour exam in terms of its style, format, and duration, no matter how much you believe me regarding the difficulty of this exam, deep down you cannot truly understand what is feels like to sit for the new format MCAT until you’ve been through it for yourself. You can think of the MCAT as an exam of how well prepared you are to take THIS exam! Argument #1 For Starting With A Full Length Not how well you know your content, but how well you’ve prepared yourself physically, emotionally, and mentally to take this particular test. Think of the MCAT as an exercise in how well prepared you are to take this exam. It’s about taking what you know, mixing the topics together, and applying logic and derivations to real world scenarios, case studies and experiments. It’s about more that just knowing content in 8 different disciplines. Simply put, the MCAT is an overwhelming exam. ![]() However, as an MCAT tutor who’s worked with hundreds of MCAT students, I’d like to present a different view and make the case for taking a full-length at the very start of your MCAT studying. After all, if the MCAT is 7.5 hours long, covering 8 different topics ranging from physics to biology to psychology, what is the point of torturing yourself with a nearly 8-hour long exam before you’ve mastered the content? This argument seems to make sense at first glance. I often hear premed students say, “I’m not ready to take a full length MCAT yet because I haven’t finished reviewing all the content.” ![]() ![]() ![]() Fortunately, Candywriter hasn’t nerfed the military career tracks in any noticeable way, which means you can still race through the ranks and become some sort of General or Admiral by the time you reach your mid-late 40s, assuming you joined the military straight out of college. Now that we’ve gotten the deployments out of the way, let’s talk about the final two requirements, starting with the one where you need to reach the rank of General or Admiral. Read Also: How to Complete the Blonde Bombshell Challenge in BitLife. Fortunately, our test character never got killed while playing this mini-game, but in the off-chance that it happens, you may have no option but to restart your life from square one - or use the Time Machine, if you don’t mind spending a dollar to undo an in-game death. We’ll discuss why this is advisable in the next tip in this guide.Īnd as far as your missions are concerned, there’s nothing new to report here - it’s the same old take on Minesweeper, and if you get injured after stepping on the mine, simply exit out of the game before confirming the outcome, then restart it. Here is how to complete the BitLife Red Queen Challenge. ![]() But for the purposes of this challenge, it’s best to stay aloof and avoid making new friends. ![]() Typically, you’ll get quite a few offers from child NPCs asking you if you want to be friends with them - on most occasions, you’ll want to say yes and subscribe to the “no man is an island” line of thinking. They can be male or female, but the main thing is that they need to be born in the United States - this is, after all, Candywriter’s way of celebrating the Fourth of July. Otherwise, these games often lack a victory condition or challenge. Before we get to those parts, though, the good news is that there are no specific statistical requirements for your new character in this challenge. Life simulation games form a subgenre of simulation video games in which the player lives or. The BitLife Freedom Challenge may sound easy at first, but there are some parts where it could get tricky. Getting Started – Attend College, Don’t Make New Friends And that’s why we’re sharing yet another BitLife mini-strategy guide as we walk you through the Freedom Challenge and show you how to complete it sooner rather than later. ![]() Murder three or more people by clubbing them.That sounds quite straight-to-the-point and simple, but fair warning - there may be some parts of the challenge that are harder to complete than you think. BitLife is a life simulation game in which users take control of a strangers life from beginning to end.3 The Tanya Bregar Challenge This challenge will ask you to adopt a rabbit and name it Coco, make 10 children, marry a rich person, and burgle 10 houses. Have perfect relationships with 10+ friends. 4 The V Challenge This challenge requires you to read the Communist Manifesto, rob banks, and escape prison during a riot.The Jekyll and Hyde Challenge debuted on May 7, 2022, and has the following objectives: Get a mani-pedi every year for 20+ years. By: Tim Last updated: NovemCandywriter’s most recent title, DogLife, has been out for more than a week now, but that doesn’t mean people are giving up on BitLife in order to live their best canine lives in the new game.Purchase jewelry worth over $5K for 20+ years.The Treat Yourself Challenge debuted on May 14, 2022, and has the following objectives: by LevelWinner BitLife Guide, Tips & Tricks from Level Winner Hi guys, Just wanted to let you know, that we have been covering BitLife extensively, and already shared a number of tips and tricks in our guides. 1: Is BitLife suitable for children 2: Is BitLife free to download 3: My friends play on PC and Console, can I play with them 4: How to install BitLife. Have five or more children of your own.Marry someone with two or more children. How to Be Born a Female in Los Angeles in BitLife.The Creeper By The Dozen Challenge debuted on May 21, 2022, and has the following objectives: The Queen Mother Challenge debuted on May 28, 2022, and has the following objectives: Compete against others and see how well you can fare against other Bitizens! Below is a complete list of all the BitLife Challenges for 2022. For this challenge, all players must take control of the real estate market and marry the life of a single character. Challenges generally put your skills to the test, to see how well you know the game and how quickly you can meet a list of objectives. Last Updated: ApREAD NEXT The weekly challenge for BitLife has arrived, and this week it’s called the Massive Gains Challenge. ET, a new BitLife challenge is released from Candywriter, the developer of the popular mobile life simulator game. ![]() |
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